Is a high school course with personal finance concepts required to be taken as a graduation requirement? Yes, Texas requires students to take a half-year course in economics for graduation. See: Texas High School Graduation Requirements (look for 2014-2015 requirements side by side).
There are 24 strands in the Texas economics standards, six of which cover personal finance. Based on this information, we estimate that students receive approximately 15 hours of instruction in personal finance. See: Texas Economics Standards. Starting with the 2016-2017 school year, each school district and open-enrollment charter school that offers a high school program must provide Personal Financial Literacy as a one-half credit high school social studies elective course. See: Texas Rule Requiring Personal Finance Elective. Texas had adopted standards for this personal financial literacy elective course. Texas Personal Finance Standards (scroll to 113.49).
The Texas Department of Education provides online resources for teachers of personal finance. See: Texas Resources for Educators. Since 2012, Texas schools have also offered a Mathematical Models with Applications elective course, which includes personal finance concepts. See: Texas Mathematics Course with Personal Finance (scroll to 111.43). Texas is one of four states that require that a personal finance course be offered as an elective.
It is not clear how Texas measures student achievement in financial literacy.